It was a Friday. Four Jews had just been killed in the Hyper Cacher, a kosher supermarket in Paris, two days after the Charlie Hebdo attack. One of them was Krief's friend.
"I
was not good, really not good," Krief says of how he felt at the time.
"I talked to my mom, and I said, 'We must go to Israel. We need to go to
Israel.'"
Krief decided to leave France after a friend was killed in a terror attack.
Krief, a French Jew who had just finished high school, moved to Israel
with his family six months later, as part of the largest migration of
Jews from Western Europe to Israel since the modern state of Israel was
created.
Nearly 8,000 French Jews moved to Israel
in the year following the Charlie Hebdo attack, according to the Jewish
Agency, which handles Jewish immigration, or aliyah, to Israel.
The number of French Jews moving to Israel has doubled -- and doubled again -- in the past five years.
In 2013, less than 3,300 French Jews moved to Israel. Only two years earlier, that number stood at 1,900.
Britain
has the second-highest Jewish emigration from Western Europe, but the
scale is much smaller. According to the Jewish Agency, 774 British Jews
moved to Israel in 2015, less than one-tenth the number of French Jews.
'Difficult to live as a Jew in France'
Many French Jews settle in Ashdod, a city in southern Israel known for its large French population.
You are as likely to hear French on the streets as you are Hebrew, especially in one of the city's many French cafés.
"It's great for me here, much better than France," says Charly Dahan, a musician who moved to Israel from Paris two years ago.
Dahan sits in Café Lyon, a popular meeting spot for French Jews.
"This
is the first time in my life that I am relaxed. In France, I also felt
good, but the situation and the current problems... it's very difficult
to live as a Jew in France," he adds.
The Jewish Agency says violence is part -- but not all -- of the reason for French immigration.
"While
high-profile attacks such as those at the Jewish school in Toulouse in
2012, the Jewish museum in Brussels in 2014, and the kosher supermarket
in Paris and the synagogue in Copenhagen last year have certainly been
the most vivid instances of violence targeting French and European Jews,
the French Jewish community has been living with a deep sense of
insecurity for quite some time," says Avi Mayer, spokesman for the
Jewish Agency.
Israel's Jewish leaders have always proclaimed that the country will always offer a home to Jews from anywhere in the world.
But what of the places these newcomers have left behind?
French Prime Minister Manuel Valls recently expressed the fear that an exodus of Jews would change the country for the worse.
"Without
the Jews, France is no longer France. It's the oldest community. They
have been French citizens since the French revolution."
Fear of being seen as Jewish
But
when the European Union studied the prevalence of anti-Semitism in
2013, it found that 74% of Jews in France avoid openly identifying
themselves as Jewish at least some of the time, and more than a quarter
of French Jews always do.
Dov Cohen, a
French Jew who left Marseille for Ashdod last summer, says he never wore
his religious skullcap, or kippa, in public.
"You
have to watch out," Cohen says about his life in France. "You have to
protect the children because of fights in the metro and on the buses.
This pushed us to decide to make aliyah," he says.
"Here
there is a feeling of security that no longer exists in France. Twenty
years ago, maybe yes. But since the year 2000, there no longer is that
feeling of security in France."
